Pay Transparency Laws by State: Which Job Postings Need a Pay Range

15 states require a pay range in job postings, and more take effect soon. Check whether yours does, what the posting must say, and how to write a range that complies.

Does my job posting need a pay range?

Remote jobs: if someone in a state with a pay range law could do the job, that state's law can apply too. Posting a range on every remote job is the safe choice.

General information, not legal advice. Some cities, such as New York City, Westchester County and Cleveland, have their own rules. Laws checked October 12, 2026.

States with pay transparency laws

State Who it covers In effect
California 15+ employees Jan 1, 2023
Colorado All employers Jan 1, 2021
Connecticut All employers Oct 1, 2026
Delaware 26+ employees Sep 26, 2027 (coming)
District of Columbia All employers Jun 30, 2024
Hawaii 50+ employees Jan 1, 2024
Illinois 15+ employees Jan 1, 2025
Maine 10+ employees Jul 29, 2026
Maryland All employers Oct 1, 2024
Massachusetts 25+ employees Oct 29, 2025
Minnesota 30+ employees Jan 1, 2025
Nevada On request or before an offer Oct 1, 2021
New Jersey 10+ employees Jun 1, 2025
New York 4+ employees Sep 17, 2023
Rhode Island On request or before an offer Jan 1, 2023
Vermont 5+ employees Jul 1, 2025
Virginia All employers Jul 1, 2026
Washington 15+ employees Jan 1, 2023

State by state

California

15+ employees, since January 1, 2023.

Postings must include the pay scale: a good-faith estimate of the salary or hourly wage range (or piece-rate/commission range) the employer reasonably expects to pay on hire; benefits and bonuses are not required.

Source: www.dir.ca.gov

Colorado

All employers, since January 1, 2021.

Every internal and external posting must include the hourly or salary rate or range, a general description of benefits and other compensation (bonuses, commissions, tips), and how and when to apply, including an application deadline.

Source: cdle.colorado.gov

Connecticut

All employers, since October 1, 2026.

From October 1, 2026, internal and public postings must show the wage or a good-faith wage range and a general description of benefits; from 2021 to September 30, 2026 the range was owed only on request or before an offer.

Source: www.cga.ct.gov

Delaware

26+ employees, from September 26, 2027.

Internal and external postings must include the good-faith hourly or salary compensation range and a general description of benefits and other compensation.

Source: legis.delaware.gov

District of Columbia

All employers, since June 30, 2024.

All job listings and position descriptions must state the good-faith minimum and maximum projected salary or hourly pay, and applicants must be told before the first interview whether healthcare benefits are offered.

Source: code.dccouncil.gov

Hawaii

50+ employees, since January 1, 2024.

Job listings must disclose an hourly rate or salary range that reasonably reflects the actual expected compensation.

Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

Illinois

15+ employees, since January 1, 2025.

Postings must include the pay scale (wage or salary, or range) and a general description of benefits and other compensation such as bonuses or stock options, either in the posting or through one hyperlink.

Source: labor.illinois.gov

Maine

10+ employees, since July 29, 2026.

Postings must state the prospective range of pay the employer will offer the successful applicant, or state that pay is based solely on commission.

Source: legislature.maine.gov

Maryland

All employers, since October 1, 2024.

Each public or internal posting must include the wage range and a general description of benefits and any other compensation offered.

Source: mgaleg.maryland.gov

Massachusetts

25+ employees, since October 29, 2025.

Postings must include the annual salary or hourly wage range the employer reasonably and in good faith expects to pay; benefits are not required.

Source: malegislature.gov

Minnesota

30+ employees, since January 1, 2025.

Each posting must state the starting salary range (good-faith, not open-ended) or a fixed pay rate, plus a general description of all benefits and other compensation, including health and retirement benefits.

Source: www.revisor.mn.gov

Nevada

On request or before an offer, since October 1, 2021.

No posting duty: the wage or salary range must be given to an applicant who has completed an interview, and to an employee who asks about a promotion or transfer.

Source: www.leg.state.nv.us

New Jersey

10+ employees, since June 1, 2025.

Postings for new jobs and transfers, internal or external, must include the hourly wage or salary (or a range) and a general description of benefits and other compensation programs.

Source: www.nj.gov

New York

4+ employees, since September 17, 2023.

Advertised jobs, promotions and transfers must state a good-faith minimum and maximum annual salary or hourly rate (or the fixed rate), say if pay is commission-only, and include the job description if one exists.

Source: dol.ny.gov

Rhode Island

On request or before an offer, since January 1, 2023.

No posting duty: the wage range must be given to an applicant on request and before discussing compensation, and to employees at hire, on a move to a new position and on request.

Source: webserver.rilegislature.gov

Vermont

5+ employees, since July 1, 2025.

Advertisements for Vermont job openings must include the compensation or a good-faith minimum-maximum range; commission jobs must say so, and tipped jobs must give the base wage or base wage range.

Source: legislature.vermont.gov

Virginia

All employers, since July 1, 2026.

Each public and internal posting for a job, promotion or transfer must disclose the wage, salary or good-faith wage/salary range; benefits are not required.

Source: law.lis.virginia.gov

Washington

15+ employees, since January 1, 2023.

Postings must include the wage scale or salary range (or the fixed wage if only one is offered) and a general description of all benefits and other compensation.

Source: app.leg.wa.gov

City and county laws

  • New York City, New York: 4+ employees, since Nov 1, 2022. Ads for jobs, promotions and transfers performed in NYC, including remote roles, must state a good-faith minimum and maximum salary or hourly rate; benefits are not required.
  • Westchester County, New York: All employers, since Nov 6, 2022. Postings for jobs, promotions or transfers performed at least partly in the county, including remote roles, must state the good-faith minimum and maximum salary (base pay); benefits are not required.
  • Cleveland, Ohio: 15+ employees, since Oct 27, 2025. Any notice, ad or formal posting inviting applications must include the salary range or scale (the ordinance defines salary to include benefits); internal transfers and promotions are exempt.
  • Columbus, Ohio: 15+ employees, from Jan 1, 2027. Employment postings must include a reasonable salary range or scale; internal transfers and promotions are exempt.
  • Cincinnati, Ohio: On request or before an offer. No posting duty: on reasonable request, the employer must give the pay scale for the position to an applicant who has a conditional job offer; the ordinance is mainly a salary-history ban.
  • Toledo, Ohio: On request or before an offer. No posting duty: on reasonable request, the employer must give the pay scale for the position to an applicant who has a conditional job offer; the ordinance is mainly a salary-history ban.

How to write a pay range that complies

  1. Give both ends: "$22 to $28 an hour", not "up to $28" or "competitive pay".
  2. Use the range you would really pay for this job at the time you post it.
  3. Use hourly pay for hourly jobs and yearly pay for salaried jobs, and say if pay is per mile or per piece.
  4. Describe the benefits in general terms where the state requires it: health insurance, retirement plan, paid time off.
  5. Put the same range in every copy of the posting, including the ones agencies and job boards publish for you.
  6. Keep a record of each posting and the range, and update the range if the pay changes.

Job description templates with a pay range

Frequently Asked Questions

Which states require a salary range in job postings?
California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia and Washington require a pay range in job postings, for employers above the size in the table. Nevada and Rhode Island require the range only when a candidate asks or before an offer. Laws in Delaware take effect later.
What is a good-faith pay range?
The range you honestly expect to pay for the job when you post it, usually the lowest and highest rate you would offer. A range that is far wider than you would really pay, such as $15 to $60 an hour for one role, can break the law in states that require good faith.
Do the laws apply to remote jobs?
Often, yes. Several states, such as Colorado, Washington and New York, apply their law to remote jobs that could be done by someone in the state. If you hire nationwide, posting a range everywhere is the simplest way to comply.
Do staffing agencies have to post pay ranges?
Yes, where the law covers them: in most of these states the rule applies to anyone who posts the job, including agencies and job boards acting for an employer.
Does a federal law require pay ranges?
No. There is no federal pay transparency law for private employers in job postings; the rules are set by states and cities.
What else do these laws require?
Some states also require a general description of benefits (for example Colorado, Washington and Illinois), telling current employees about promotion opportunities, or keeping records of the pay history and ranges for a set time. Read your state's summary below and its labor department guidance.

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